قال تعالى ( ورتل القران ترتيلا )

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لقد شرع الله - تعالى - لقراءة القرآن صفةً معينة وكيفية ثابتة، وقد أمر بها نبيَّه - صلى الله عليه وسلم - فقال: ﴿ وَرَتِّلِ الْقُرْآنَ تَرْتِيلًا ﴾ [المزمل: 4]؛ أي: اقرأه بتؤدة وطمأنينة وتدبر؛
وذلك برياضة اللسان، والمداومة على القراءة بترقيق المرقَّق، وتفخيم المفخَّم، وقصر المقصور، ومد الممدود، وإظهار المُظهَر، وإدغام المُدغَم، وإخفاء المخفي، وغنِّ الحرف الذي فيه غُنَّة، وإخراج الحروف من مخارجها، وعدم الخلط بينها، كل ذلك دون تكلُّف أو تمطيط، ولقد أكَّد الله - تعالى - الفعل وهو: (رَتِّل) بالمصدر وهو: (ترتيلاً)؛ تعظيمًا لشأنه واهتمامًا بأمره، كما قال - تعالى -: ﴿ وَقُرْآنًا فَرَقْنَاهُ لِتَقْرَأَهُ عَلَى النَّاسِ عَلَى مُكْثٍ وَنَزَّلْنَاهُ تَنْزِيلًا ﴾ [الإسراء: 106]؛ أي: لتقرأه على الناس بترسُّل وتمهُّل؛ فإن ذلك أقرب إلى الفهم، وأسهل للحفظ.

والواقع أن هذه الصفة لا تتحقَّق إلا بالمحافظة على أحكام التجويد المستمدة من قراءة رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - والتي ثبتت عنه بالتواتر والأحاديث الصحيحة؛ ففي صحيح البخاري أن أنسًا - رضي الله عنه - سُئِل: كيف كانت قراءة النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم؟ فقال: "كانت قراءته مدًّا، ثم قرأ بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم؛ يمد بسم الله، ويمد بالرحمن، ويمد بالرحيم".

وقد نُقِلت لنا هذه الصفة بأعلى درجات الرواية، وهي المشافهة؛ حيث يتلقَّى القارئ القرآن عن المقرئ، والمقرئ يتلقَّاه عن شيخه، وشيخه عن شيخه، وهكذا، حتى تنتهي السلسلة إلى النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم.

ومن المؤكَّد أن النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - قد علَّم أصحابه القرآن، كما تلقَّاه عن أمين الوحي جبريل - عليه السلام - ولقَّنهم إياه بنفس الصفة، وحثَّهم على تعلمها والقراءة بها؛ فلقد ثبت أن النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - سَمِع ابن مسعود - رضي الله عنه - يقرأ في صلاته، فقال: ((مَن سرَّه أن يقرأ القرآن غضًّا كما أُنزِل، فليقرأه على قراءة ابن أمِّ عبد))، والحديث رواه أحمد والطبراني والبزار، وفيه عاصم بن أبي النَّجود، وهو على ضعفِه حسنُ الحديث، وبقية رجال أحمد والطبراني رجال الصحيح.

ولعل المقصد - والله أعلم - أن يقرأه على الصفة التي قرأ بها عبدالله بن مسعود من حُسْن الصوت، وجودة الترتيل، وحسن الأداء.

ولقد خصَّ رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - نفرًا من الصحابة أتقنوا القراءة حتى صاروا أعلامًا، فكان يتعاهدُهم بالاستماع لهم أحيانًا، وبإسماعِهم القراءة أحيانًا أخرى؛ كما ثبت ذلك بالأحاديث الصحيحة، ومنها قوله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - لأُبَي بن كعب: ((إن الله أمرني أن أقرأ عليك))، قال: آللهُ سمَّاني لك؟ قال: ((الله سمَّاك لي))، فجعل أُبَي - رضي الله عنه - يبكي، والحديث في صحيح مسلم.

ومنها طلبُه - صلى الله عليه وسلم - من ابن مسعود - رضي الله عنه - أن يقرأ عليه، فقال: أقرأُ عليك وعليك أُنزِل؟ قال: ((إني أحبُّ أن أسمعَه من غيري))، فافتتح سورة النساء فلما بلغ: ﴿ فَكَيْفَ إِذَا جِئْنَا مِنْ كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ بِشَهِيدٍ وَجِئْنَا بِكَ عَلَى هَؤُلَاءِ شَهِيدًا ﴾ [النساء: 41]، قال: ((حسبُك))، فالتفت ابن مسعود فإذا عيناه - صلى الله عليه وسلم - تذرفان، والحديث أخرجه البخاري، ويحتمل أن يكون الرسول - صلى الله عليه وسلم - قد أحبَّ أن يسمعه من غيره؛ ليكون عرض القرآن سنةً يُحتذَى بها، كما يحتملُ أن يكون لكي يتدبره ويتفهمه؛ وذلك لأن المستمع أقوى على التدبر، ونفسه أخلى وأنشط من القارئ؛ لاشتغاله بالقراءة وأحكامها.

وقال - صلى الله عليه وسلم - آمرًا الناس بتعلم قراءة القرآن، وبتحرِّي الإتقان فيها، بتلقِّيها عن المتقنين الماهرين: ((خُذُوا القرآن من أربعة: من عبدالله بن مسعود، وسالمٍ، ومعاذ، وأبي بن كعب))، والحديث في البخاري.

وكل هذا يدل على أن هناك صفة معينة، وكيفية ثابتة لقراءة القرآن لا بد من تحقيقها، وهي الصفة المأخوذة عنه - صلى الله عليه وسلم - وبها أُنزِل القرآن، فمَن خالفها أو أهملها فقد خالف السنة وقرأ القرآن بغير ما أنزل الله - تعالى، وصفة القراءة هذه هي التي اصطلحوا على تسميتها بعد ذلك بالتجويد.


كيفية قراءة القرآن الكريم image
How to read the Noble Qur’an image

God Almighty set out to read the Qur’an in a specific way and in a fixed way, and his prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - commanded it - and he said:﴿ He recited the Qur’an as a hymn المز [Al-Muzzammil: 4]; i.e. read it with certainty, reassurance and reflection;
This is through tongue sport, persistence in reading with thinning thinning, magnifying glory, shortening of bleached, stretching outstretched, showing appearance, slurring slurred, concealing the hidden, singing the character in which it is rich, taking out letters from their exits, and not mixing between them, all without costing or stretching, God Almighty has confirmed the action, which is: (recite) the source, which is: (recitation); to glorify his affairs and interest in his matter, as He says - the Almighty -:﴿ And a Qur’an, so divide it to read it to the people on the equivalent of: People have to post and slow down, because that is closer to understanding and easier To save.


In fact, this attribute can only be achieved by preserving the provisions of intonation that are derived from the reading of the Messenger of God - may God’s prayers and peace be upon him - and which have been proven by him regularly and authentic hadiths. In Sahih Al-Bukhari that Anas - may God be pleased with him - was asked: How was the reading of the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace ? He said: "His reading was a term, then he recites in the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. He extends the name of God, extends to the Most Merciful, and extends the merciful."


This characteristic was conveyed to us in the highest levels of the novel, which is the verbal form, where the reader receives the Qur’an from the reciter, and the reciter receives it from his Sheikh, his Sheikh from his Sheikh, and so on, until the chain ends to the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace.


It is certain that the Prophet - may God’s prayers and peace be upon him - taught his companions the Qur’an, as he had received from Amin al-Revelation Gabriel - peace be upon him - and taught them to him in the same capacity, and urged them to learn and read them; it has been proven that the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - heard Ibn Masoud - May God be pleased with him - he recites in his prayers, and he said: (Whoever is pleased to read the Qur’an in anger as it was revealed, let him read it on the reading of Ibn Umm Abd)), and the hadith narrated by Ahmad, al-Tabarani and al-Bazar, and in it Asim bin Abi Al-Najood, and he is weak on his authority and other men Ahmed and al-Tabarani are the right men.


Perhaps the intention - and God knows best - is to read it on the description by which Abdullah bin Masoud read from the good voice, the quality of the recitation, and the good performance.


The Messenger of God - may God’s prayers and peace be upon him - dedicated a group of companions who mastered reading until they became flags, so he pledged to listen to them sometimes, and to listen to the reading at other times, as was proven by the authentic hadiths, including his saying - may God bless him and grant him peace - to Abu bin Kaab: ((( God commanded me to read to you)), He said: Did God call me? He said: ((God called you to me)), so my father - may God be pleased with him - made him cry, and the hadith in Sahih Muslim.


And among them was his request - may God bless him and grant him peace - from Ibn Masoud - may God be pleased with him - to recite it, and he said: I recite on you and you have to download it? He said: “I would love to hear it from someone else.” So he opened Surah al-Nisaa when he reached:﴿ So how if we came from every nation with a martyr and we brought you with you on these words, (Ibn) said: (النساء) If his eyes - may God bless him and grant him peace - set his tears, and the hadith was included by al-Bukhari, and it is possible that the Messenger - may God bless him and grant him peace - liked to hear it from others, so that the presentation of the Qur’an would be a year to be followed, as it is likely that he would be able to manage and understand it, because the listener is stronger On reflection, himself is clearer and more active than the reader, as he works on reading and its rulings.


He said - may God’s prayers and peace be upon him - commanding people to learn to read the Qur’an, and to investigate mastery in it, by receiving it from skilled masters: ((Take the Qur’an from four: from Abdullah bin Masoud, Salim, Muadh, and Abu Bin Kaab)), and the hadith in Bukhari.


All of this indicates that there is a certain adjective, and a fixed way to read the Qur’an must be achieved, which is the adjective derived from it - may God’s prayers and peace be upon him - with which the Qur’an was revealed. This is what they later called Tajweed.


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